Clinical and Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Calcium Hydroxylapatite for Temporal Contour Restoration in a Chinese Population

BACKGROUNDIn East Asian facial aesthetics, temporal fullness is a critical determinant of a smooth upper facial contour and a youthful appearance. Temporal hollowing disrupts the ideal oval facial silhouette and its three-dimensional projection. While calcium hydroxylapatite (CaHA) is widely used for soft tissue augmentation, high-level clinical evidence specifically supporting its efficacy and durability for temporal restoration in Chinese populations remains scarce.

OBJECTIVEThis study aimed to evaluate the efficacy, safety, and durability of a carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)-based CaHA filler for correcting temporal hollowing in a Chinese cohort.

METHODSSubjects received precise temporal injections of CaHA, exhibiting immediate structural volumetric support and potential long-term tissue regeneration effects observed in clinical practice. Outcomes were systematically evaluated using the Temple Hollowing Scale (THS), Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), 3D volumetric scanning, and facial vector displacement analysis.

RESULTSTreatment resulted in a significant increase in temporal volume, which was excellently maintained at the 12-month follow-up. A concomitant composite rejuvenation effect was observed, which manifested as potential tightening and lifting trends of the mid and lower face, mild eyebrow elevation, and mitigation of periorbital wrinkles. Adverse events were predominantly mild, transient, and injection-related; for example, swelling, pain, bruising, resolving spontaneously within 1 week. No serious adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONSTemporal augmentation with CMC-based CaHA is an effective, safe, and durable approach for restoring temporal contour in Chinese patients. The treatment achieves comprehensive facial aesthetic improvement, which may be associated with biomechanical contour modification and sustained structural support.

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