Preparation and Characterization of Azelaic Acid-Loaded Nanofiber Scaffold as Anti-Acne and Depigmenting Care, Fabricated by Electrospinning Method

OBJECTIVEAcne vulgaris is a common dermatological concern, and conventional topical azelaic acid formulations may have limitations in skin residence time and tolerability. Polymeric nanofiber scaffolds offer a promising platform for topical drug delivery. This study aimed to develop and characterize chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (CS/PVA) electrospun nanofibers loaded with azelaic acid for potential use in acne management.

METHODAzelaic acid-loaded CS/PVA nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning. Morphology was evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, in vitro drug release was assessed by an immersion method, antibacterial activity against Cutibacterium acnes was determined by disk diffusion, and physicochemical stability was examined under accelerated conditions.

RESULTSNanofibers containing 9% PVA, 2% chitosan, and 50 or 70% azelaic acid showed uniform, bead-free morphology and suitable physical and mechanical properties under optimized electrospinning conditions. The azelaic acid-loaded scaffolds exhibited antimicrobial activity against C. acnes, acceptable stability, and a sustained release profile, with the 70% formulation releasing over approximately 89% of the drug within 24 h.

CONCLUSIONAzelaic acid-loaded CS/PVA nanofiber scaffolds demonstrated favorable in vitro physicochemical and antibacterial properties as topical delivery systems. The 70% azelaic acid formulation was selected as the optimized scaffold for further preclinical investigation, while in vivo and clinical studies are needed to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy and safety.

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